MICROBES AND WATER BORNE DISEASES

How is Water Borne diseases caused?

These diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms which are commonly spread in contaminated fresh water.

The microbes are derived usage of water for cleaning, washing, human and animal wastes, natural pollutants etc.

Because of this polluted water various forms of waterborne diarrheal diseases occur. 

Most common water-borne diseases are: Typhoid fever, malaria, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera, hepatitis, etc.

DISEASE CAUSING MICROBES 

Water body contaminated with sewage or waste water is most likely to possess pathogenic microbes fatal to humans when consumed and these microbes may be bacteria, virus or protozoa. E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Shigella (are some of the bacterial pathogens in water), Enterovirus, Noravirus, rota virus (are some of the viral pathogens), Entamoeba, Giardia lamblia are examples of possible parasitic pathogens in the water.

There are many water borne pathogenic diseases identified like amoebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, SARS, hepatitis A, botulism, cholera, dysentery, E.coli infection, typhoid etc. posing potential health risk and many analytical methods has been derived to detect the presence of such pathogens in the drinking water. 

Here are several ways to prevent water-borne diseases:

·         Drink only filtered/boiled water.

·         Store water in a clean container,

·         Water jars/containers should be washed daily.

·         Consume warm and home cooked foods while avoiding street foods.

·         Always store foods/beverages covered.

·        Make sure that the pipes and tanks that supply water to your house are properly maintained and clean.

·         Travelers should only drink bottled water.

·         People suffering from water-borne diseases should not go to work until fully recovered to avoid spreading.

Deep Freeze to Restore Your PC on Boot

Ever wished you could undo all the changes you have made to your PC at home? Or maybe you would like to install some software on your system to test it before purchasing, but you don’t know exactly what it will do to your system?

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could just restart your computer and all the changes made were simply wiped out? Luckily, there is a way to do this using a program called Deep Freeze by Faronics.

Features and Benefits

What does this program do

Basically, it makes it so that anything you do to your computer can be fixed by just rebooting the machine. Want to delete the entire System32 folder? Go for it. Randomly delete keys from your registry? Not a problem. Install malware and viruses on your system? It’ll be gone after a reboot!

The last point there about viruses brings up one limitation of the Deep Freeze program. Basically, it acts like a reset for your computer hard drive. When it reboots, it gets reloaded to the last frozen state. This means a virus or worm installed will definitely be removed on reboot, but it could cause damage to other systems until the next reboot happens.

How to maintain proper asset depreciation schedule

Every company has its own policy on how to record its fixed assets face value during the books of accounts closing. Most of the accountants maintain the assets schedule in an excel worksheet showing the allocation of depreciation value for its fixed asset items. But first the following criteria, has to be considered in which the particular fixed assets is being depreciated based on the useful life of the asset.  Policy has to be defined as per the useful life of the particular assets. 

Particular asset could be estimated as in workable condition for the next 5 years (i.e., Vehicle, Equipments etc.,) The estimated useful life of the assets can also be re-assessed whether the useful life of it can be extended for another year or so on.

Below is the basic way of calculating a particular asset and depreciation schedule preparation:

Ex:

Assuming company ABC purchased a Motor Vehicle on 15/1/17 at a value of 100,000.00 and has an estimated useful life for 5 years. The best method of calculating is accelerated depreciation method or evenly over the useful life of the asset.

		Calculation Formula
Jan (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Feb(28 days)	1,534.25	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x28days
Mar (31 days)	1,643.84	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Apr (30 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x30days
May (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
June (30 days)	1,643.84	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
July (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Aug (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Sept (30 days)	1,643.84	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Oct (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Nov (30 days)	1,643.84	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Dec (31 days)	1,698.63	(100000÷5yrs÷365Days)x31days
Accumulated Depreciation as on 31-Dec-2017	20,000.00
Acquisition Cost	100,000.00
Book Value as on December 31, 2017	80,000.00

           

Electrical Hazard

             

                                  What is an electrical hazard?

It is a dangerous condition where a person can or does make an electrical contact with energized equipment or a conductor. Because of that contact, the person might sustain an injury from shock and also there is a possibility to get an arc flash burn.

Anyone can be exposed to the dangers of electricity while at work and everyone should be made aware of the dangers.

It is usually the maintenance staff, those who work near the electrical plant, equipment and machinery are more prone to these kind of hazards.

Most electrical accidents occur because individuals:

·         are working on or near equipment which is thought to be dead but which is, in fact, live

·         are working on or near equipment which is known to be live, but where those involved are without adequate training or appropriate equipment, or they have not taken adequate precautions

·         Misuse of equipment or use faulty electrical equipment.

Below are few steps which should be taken to ensure electrical safety.

Mains supplies

·         maintain all electrical installations in good working order

·         provide enough socket-outlets for equipment in use

·         avoid overloading socket-outlets – using adaptors can cause fires

·         For portable equipment, connect to nearby socket-outlets so that it can be easily disconnected in an emergency.

Use the right equipment

·         choose electrical equipment that is suitable for its working environment

·         ensure that equipment is safe when supplied and maintain it in a safe condition

·         Electrical equipment used in flammable/explosive atmospheres should be designed not to produce sparks. Seek specialist advice when choosing this type of equipment.

·         Protect light bulbs and other easily damaged equipment – there is a risk of electric shock if they are broken.

·         Ensure equipment is fitted with the correctly rated fuse.

·         ensure cable ends always have their outer sheaths firmly clamped to stop wires working loose from plugs or inside equipment

·         Replace damaged sections of cable completely – never repair cuts with insulating tape.